Sexual Health
Sexual health is influenced by a complex web of factors ranging from sexual behaviour and attitudes to societal factors, biological risk and genetic predisposition. It encompasses the problems of HIV and STDs, unintended pregnancy and abortion, infertility and cancer resulting from STDs, and sexual dysfunction. Sexual health can also be influenced by mental health, acute and chronic illnesses, and violence. Addressing sexual health at the individual, family, community or health system level requires integrated interventions by trained health providers and a functioning referral system. It also requires a legal policy and regulatory environment where the sexual rights of all people are upheld.
Addressing sexual health also requires an understanding and appreciation of sexuality, gender roles and power in designing and providing services. Understanding sexuality and its impact on practices, partners, reproduction and pleasure presents a number of challenges as well as opportunities for improving sexual and reproductive health care services and interventions. Validity of data collection, given researcher bias and difficulties in discussing such a private issue also remains a problem in some settings that must be overcome if a greater understanding of sexuality in various settings is to be achieved. Sexuality research must go beyond concerns related to behaviour, numbers of partners and practices, to the underlying social, cultural and economic factors that make individuals vulnerable to risks and affect the ways in which sex is sought, desired and/or refused by women, men and young people. Investigating sexuality in this way entails going beyond reproductive health by looking at sexual health holistically and comprehensively. To do this requires adding to the knowledge base gained from the field of STDs/HIV prevention and care, gender studies, and family planning, among others.
Sexual health represents a new thematic area of work for the Department of Reproductive Health and Research. While sexual health has been implicitly understood to be part of the reproductive health agenda, the emergence of HIV/AIDS, of sexual and gender-based violence and of the extent of sexual dysfunction (to name just some of the developments over the past two decades), have highlighted the need for the Department to now focus more explicitly on sexuality and the promotion of sexual health.
Safe sex does not have to end with condoms
Safer sex does not just entail having to wear a condom, but also includes keeping good personal hygiene, knowing what to avoid, making the right decisions and not taking any unnecessary risks.
There is so much more to practising safe sex than simply wearing a condom. Couples must be much more responsible and conscious of the potential dangers and avoid engaging in risky behaviour.
There are several different bodily fluids involved in sex - semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, urine, faeces and blood - fluids with which either partner can be exposed to during the course of virtually any form of sexual activity. Most of these fluids are excellent carriers of disease, and should be handled with care and should always be aware of taking any unnecessary risks. It is recommended that you never have vaginal sex after anal sex without washing first. The faeces carry so many organisms that can cause infection in the vagina, and can be transferred by the penis, dildo, mouth or finger. Always wash well or try and use a different condom to make sure you don't cause or risk infection.
It's not a good idea to share condoms, dildos or sex toys. A condom should only ever be used the once. If you do plan to use a sex toy or dildo that has been used by someone else, remember to wash it thoroughly with soap and water. If you are really unsure put a condom over the object.
Always wash thoroughly before anal play. Anal play is safer if you wash the anus and surrounding area with soap and water beforehand. It is also a recommendation that you have a bowel movement before you begin if possible.
Always wash towels and change bed sheets as often as possible as some STDs (such as crabs/public lice) can be transmitted through fabrics.
- Only ever use a condom once.
- A latex condom is recommended for effective prevention of STDs.
- Lubricated condoms offer better protection from breakage and spillage of semen.
- Always if possible use water-based lubricants.
- If needs be, double up condoms during vigorous sex. Use an un-lubricated condom on the bottom, and a lubricated one on the top.
- Un-lubricated condoms are recommended for oral sex.





